There was a great blog post a week or two ago on website that I follow called No Hands But Ours. The website is maintained by a host of adoptive parents, and is specifically focused on providing information and resources for others who are involved in the world of special needs adoption from China. The post really hit home for me and I found it really helpful and wanted to share it.
The post dealt with the differences between parenting a child who had a traumatic start to life (ie a child that comes out of an orphanage situation, foster care system, older child adoption, or other hard social situations in which there were many cycles of unmet needs) and parenting a child with a 'typical' start to life - it which they were raised in a loving home and had many 'met' cycles of need.
The premise of her blog post is that even though these kids' actions may look the same on the outside - they are coming from very different places emotionally and can't be parented the same way. Before we did any adoption training and before I had a clue what a cycle of need even was, I have to admit I was/am guilty of comparing kids who have been adopted to my kids or other kids who were raised in stable, loving environments. I really think I did it out of a place of love, saying - look, your adopted kid is doing what ____ other kid is doing, they're "normal." It was my measly, uneducated attempt at comfort I think? But in reality, we can't compare the two children. A hard beginning with many unmet cycles of need truly changes a child's brain.
What is a cycle of need anyways?
Basically a cycle of need is when a baby has a need (like they're hungry or need to be changed or they're scared), then they cry, the caregiver meets their need (feeds them or changes them or holds them if they're scared), and trust develops. This is a cycle of need and this is the cycle by which healthy attachments are formed.
On the contrary, in children from hard backgrounds, there are often many unmet cycles of need:

A baby has a need (hungry or dirty diaper or scared), so they cry, their needs are not met - i.e. they are not fed, they are not changed, they are not picked up. And trust does not develop. Instead of trust, rage develops instead. And when this rage develops there are many other downstream effects of this unmet cycle of need. Cortisol, a stress hormone, is released in the body and this has many detrimental effects to a tiny, developing body. Babies in these situations will often develop self-soothing mechanisms - head banging, self rocking, etc. They stop crying because there is no point. Often you hear of 'silent' orphanages... in high school I went on a missions trip to Romania and we spent some time in an orphanage and experienced this. It was so eerie. So many babies and kids in there and you could hear a pin drop. This is the place that kids from hard backgrounds are coming from. Their brains have been hard-wired with a distrust for authority, they've been hard-wired to believe that starvation is right around the corner, etc. Seriously this little blurb does not even do justice to or scratch the surface of all the intricacies of attachment and the importance of it, but
I truly encourage you / urge you -
if you have anyone in your life/in your church/ in your community that has adopted, or if you are ever around adopted kids, please read this article:
It is so important for us to come around and support those who have adopted, and to do it from a place not just of niceties, but to be able to love and speak to them in a way that will really encourage and really meet their needs.
Really though, read the article. :)